Six methods: spaced repetition (review at increasing intervals, 2–5x better retention, use Anki), active recall (close notes, retrieve before reviewing), Feynman Technique (explain simply; gaps = knowledge holes), 50/50 Rule (half consuming, half producing), eliminate multitasking (45 focused minutes beats 3 fragmented hours), protect sleep (memory consolidation happens during 7–9 hours of sleep).